css properties margin

The margin CSS shorthand property sets the margin area on all four sides of an element.

Constituent properties

This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

Syntax

/* Apply to all four sides */
margin: 1em;
margin: -3px;

/* top and bottom | left and right */
margin: 5% auto;

/* top | left and right | bottom */
margin: 1em auto 2em;

/* top | right | bottom | left */
margin: 2px 1em 0 auto;

/* Global values */
margin: inherit;
margin: initial;
margin: revert;
margin: revert-layer;
margin: unset;

The margin property may be specified using one, two, three, or four values. Each value is a <length>, a <percentage>, or the keyword auto. Negative values draw the element closer to its neighbors than it would be by default.

Values

length

The size of the margin as a fixed value.

percentage

The size of the margin as a percentage, relative to the inline size (width in a horizontal language, defined by writing-mode) of the containing block.

auto

The browser selects a suitable margin to use. For example, in certain cases this value can be used to center an element.

Description

This property can be used to set a margin on all four sides of an element. Margins create extra space around an element, unlike padding, which creates extra space within an element.

The top and bottom margins have no effect on non-replaced inline elements, such as <span> or <code>.

Horizontal centering

To center something horizontally in modern browsers, you can use display: flex; justify-content: center;.

However, in older browsers like IE8-9 that do not support Flexible Box Layout, these are not available. In order to center an element inside its parent, use margin: 0 auto;.

Margin collapsing

Elements' top and bottom margins are sometimes collapsed into a single margin that is equal to the larger of the two margins. See Mastering margin collapsing for more information.

Examples

Simple example

HTML

<div class="center">This element is centered.</div>

<div class="outside">This element is positioned outside of its container.</div>

CSS

.center {
  margin: auto;
  background: lime;
  width: 66%;
}

.outside {
  margin: 3rem 0 0 -3rem;
  background: cyan;
  width: 66%;
}

More examples

margin: 5%; /* All sides: 5% margin */

margin: 10px; /* All sides: 10px margin */

margin: 1.6em 20px; /* top and bottom: 1.6em margin */
/* left and right: 20px margin */

margin: 10px 3% -1em; /* top:            10px margin */
/* left and right: 3% margin   */
/* bottom:         -1em margin */

margin: 10px 3px 30px 5px; /* top:    10px margin */
/* right:  3px margin  */
/* bottom: 30px margin */
/* left:   5px margin  */

margin: 2em auto; /* top and bottom: 2em margin   */
/* Box is horizontally centered */

margin: auto; /* top and bottom: 0 margin     */
/* Box is horizontally centered */

See also