The outline
CSS shorthand property sets most of the outline properties in a single declaration.
Constituent properties
This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:
Syntax
/* style */ outline: solid; /* color | style */ outline: #f66 dashed; /* style | width */ outline: inset thick; /* color | style | width */ outline: green solid 3px; /* Global values */ outline: inherit; outline: initial; outline: revert; outline: revert-layer; outline: unset;
The outline
property may be specified using one, two, or three of the values listed below. The order of the values does not matter. As with all shorthand properties, any omitted sub-values will be set to their initial value.
Note: The outline will be invisible for many elements if its style is not defined. This is because the style defaults to none
. A notable exception is input
elements, which are given default styling by browsers.
Values
<'outline-color'>
-
Sets the color of the outline. Defaults to
invert
for browsers supporting it,currentcolor
for the others. Seeoutline-color
. <'outline-style'>
-
Sets the style of the outline. Defaults to
none
if absent. Seeoutline-style
. <'outline-width'>
-
Sets the thickness of the outline. Defaults to
medium
if absent. Seeoutline-width
.
Description
Outline is a line outside of the element's border. Unlike other areas of the box, outlines don't take up space, so they don't affect the layout of the document in any way.
There are a few properties that affect an outline's appearance. It is possible to change the style, color, and width using the outline
property, the distance from the border using the outline-offset
property, and corner angles using the border-radius
property.
An outline is not required to be rectangular: While dealing with multiline text, some browsers will draw an outline for each line box separately, while others will wrap the whole text with a single outline.
Accessibility concerns
Assigning outline
a value of 0
or none
will remove the browser's default focus style. If an element can be interacted with it must have a visible focus indicator. Provide obvious focus styling if the default focus style is removed.
- How to Design Useful and Usable Focus Indicators
- WCAG 2.1: Understanding Success Criterion 2.4.7: Focus Visible
Examples
Using outline to set a focus style
HTML
<a href="#">This link has a special focus style.</a>
CSS
a { border: 1px solid; border-radius: 3px; display: inline-block; margin: 10px; padding: 5px; } a:focus { outline: 4px dotted #e73; outline-offset: 4px; background: #ffa; }