transform-origin

The transform-origin CSS property sets the origin for an element's transformations.

The transform origin is the point around which a transformation is applied. For example, the transform origin of the rotate() function is the center of rotation.

In effect, this property wraps a pair of translations around the element's other transformations. The first translation moves the transform origin to the true origin at $(0, 0)$ . Then the other transformations are applied, and because the transform origin is at $(0, 0)$ , those transformations act about the transform origin. Finally, the opposite translation is applied, moving the transform origin back to its original location. Consequently, this definition

transform-origin: -100% 50%;
transform: rotate(45deg);

results in the same transformation as

transform-origin: 0 0;
transform: translate(-100%, 50%) rotate(45deg) translate(100%, -50%);

Reading from right to left, translate(100%, -50%) is the translation to bring the transform origin to the true origin, rotate(45deg) is the original transformation, and translate(-100%, 50%) is the translation to restore the transform origin to its original location.

By default, the origin of a transform is center.

Syntax

/* One-value syntax */
transform-origin: 2px;
transform-origin: bottom;

/* x-offset | y-offset */
transform-origin: 3cm 2px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset */
transform-origin: left 2px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset-keyword */
transform-origin: right top;

/* y-offset-keyword | x-offset-keyword */
transform-origin: top right;

/* x-offset | y-offset | z-offset */
transform-origin: 2px 30% 10px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset | z-offset */
transform-origin: left 5px -3px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset-keyword | z-offset */
transform-origin: right bottom 2cm;

/* y-offset-keyword | x-offset-keyword | z-offset */
transform-origin: bottom right 2cm;

/* Global values */
transform-origin: inherit;
transform-origin: initial;
transform-origin: revert;
transform-origin: revert-layer;
transform-origin: unset;

The transform-origin property may be specified using one, two, or three values, where each value represents an offset. Offsets that are not explicitly defined are reset to their corresponding initial values.

If a single <length> or <percentage> value is defined, it represents the horizontal offset.

If two or more values are defined and either no value is a keyword, or the only used keyword is center, then the first value represents the horizontal offset and the second represents the vertical offset.

One-value syntax:
- The value must be a <length>, a <percentage>, or one of the keywords left, center, right, top, and bottom.
Two-value syntax:
- One value must be a <length>, a <percentage>, or one of the keywords left, center, and right.
- The other value must be a <length>, a <percentage>, or one of the keywords top, center, and bottom.
Three-value syntax:
- The first two values are the same as for the two-value syntax.
- The third value must be a <length>. It always represents the Z offset.

Values

x-offset: Is a <length> or a <percentage> describing how far from the left edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
offset-keyword: Is one of the left, right, top, bottom, or center keyword describing the corresponding offset.
y-offset: Is a <length> or a <percentage> describing how far from the top edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
x-offset-keyword: Is one of the left, right, or center keyword describing how far from the left edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
y-offset-keyword: Is one of the top, bottom, or center keyword describing how far from the top edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
z-offset: Is a <length> (and never a <percentage> which would make the statement invalid) describing how far from the user eye the z=0 origin is set.

The keywords are convenience shorthands and match the following <percentage> values:

Keyword	Value
`left`	`0%`
`center`	`50%`
`right`	`100%`
`top`	`0%`
`bottom`	`100%`

Formal definition

Initial value	50% 50%
Applies to	transformable elements
Inherited	no
Computed value	see background-position
Animation type	by computed value

Note: The initial value of transform-origin is 0 0 for all SVG elements except for root <svg> elements and <svg> elements that are a direct child of a foreignObject, and whose transform-origin is 50% 50%, like other CSS elements. See the SVG transform-origin attribute for more information.

Formal syntax

[ left | center | right | top | bottom | <length-percentage> ] | [ left | center | right | <length-percentage> ] [ top | center | bottom | <length-percentage> ] <length>? | [[ center | left | right ] && [ center | top | bottom ]] <length>?

Examples

A demonstration of various transform values

This example shows the effect of choosing different transform-origin values for a variety of transformation functions.

<div class="container">
  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box1">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: none;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box2">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: rotate(30deg);
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box3">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: rotate(30deg);
transform-origin: 0 0;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box4">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: rotate(30deg);
transform-origin: 100% 100%;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box5">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: rotate(30deg);
transform-origin: -1em -3em;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box6">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: scale(1.7);
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box7">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: scale(1.7);
transform-origin: 0 0;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box8">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: scale(1.7);
transform-origin: 100% -30%;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box9">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: skewX(50deg);
transform-origin: 100% -30%;
  </pre>

  <div class="example">
    <div class="box box10">&nbsp;</div>
    <div class="box original">&nbsp;</div>
  </div>

  <pre>
transform: skewY(50deg);
transform-origin: 100% -30%;
  </pre>
</div>

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 100px;
  gap: 20px;
}

.example {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 2em 4em 5em;
}

.box {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 3em;
  height: 3em;
  border: solid 1px;
  background-color: palegreen;
}

.original {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  opacity: 20%;
}

.box1 {
  transform: none;
}

.box2 {
  transform: rotate(30deg);
}

.box3 {
  transform: rotate(30deg);
  transform-origin: 0 0;
}

.box4 {
  transform: rotate(30deg);
  transform-origin: 100% 100%;
}

.box5 {
  transform: rotate(30deg);
  transform-origin: -1em -3em;
}

.box6 {
  transform: scale(1.7);
}

.box7 {
  transform: scale(1.7);
  transform-origin: 0 0;
}

.box8 {
  transform: scale(1.7);
  transform-origin: 100% -30%;
}

.box9 {
  transform: skewX(50deg);
  transform-origin: 100% -30%;
}

.box10 {
  transform: skewY(50deg);
  transform-origin: 100% -30%;
}